The Conversation - Vanessa Bowden
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| AAP |
Former Prime Minister Tony Abbott this week drew renewed attention to himself with a
speech
to the Global Warming Policy Foundation, a London-based climate sceptic
group, in which he voiced a range of doubts about climate science and
policy, and claimed that climate change is “
probably doing good”.
The comments might come as
no surprise
to those familiar with his views. But what’s arguably more surprising
is the prevalence of similar opinions among some Australian business
leaders.
My research,
published this week in the journal Environmental Sociology, features interviews with business leaders in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales – a major coal-producing hub.
It reveals that Abbott’s doubts about the veracity of climate science
and its forecast impacts, and his scathing dismissal of those concerned
about climate change, have a long history of support among the Hunter
Valley’s business leaders.
Carried out in the lead-up to the implementation of the Gillard Labor
government’s price on carbon in 2011, my research sought to understand
business leaders’ attitudes to government policies and to climate change
more broadly.
I approached 50 chief executives of organisations operating in the
Hunter Region, of whom 31 agreed to participate (or had a senior staff
member take up the opportunity).
They were asked questions about their views on climate change, how
and whether their organisation was responding to the issue, and what
they thought about the various political parties’ policies in response
to it.
Perhaps not surprisingly, participants’ overwhelming concern was that
the economy might decline as a result of climate policies such as
pricing carbon.
While some were concerned about climate change, there was almost
unanimous opposition to carbon pricing. Given the politics of the time,
this too is unremarkable, particularly in light of the success Abbott
enjoyed at the 2013 election after pledging to scrap the policy.
What was surprising, however, was the pervasive scepticism among
participants about the science of climate change. This is especially the
case given that many people now view the debate over whether climate
change is happening – and whether it is caused by human activity – as
being over.
Moreover, many participants believed that climate scientists were
motivated by financial rewards in arguing that climate change is a
serious concern.
These beliefs were voiced not only by those in industries like coal,
aluminium, and shipping - but echoed by participants from other
industries, revealing a deep scepticism of both the discipline and the
science of climate change itself.
It is noteworthy that the research was focused on the Hunter Valley and Newcastle, home to the world’s
biggest coal port.
Participants also held intensely antagonistic views in relation to
the environment movement and the Australian Greens, believing their
views were
quasi-religious and that they too were
self-interested and unrealistic in wanting to tackle climate change.
Striking views
In some ways the extremity of these comments was striking. Although prominent in writings by
conservative columnists at the time, the broader debate was much more focused on
jobs and the economy.
A small minority of participants did support some type of mechanism
to limit greenhouse emissions, and were concerned about the environment.
But more broadly, my research showed that the Hunter Region’s
business leaders – whether or not they were directly involved in coal –
had taken on board many of the
arguments promulgated by the industry in its ultimately successful campaign against carbon pricing in Australia.
These dynamics may have changed a little in recent times, with companies such as
AGL and
BHP shifting away from coal.
The overall dynamics of the climate politics, however – as revealed in the current
stalemate over responding to the
Finkel Review – remains out of step with what the climate science is telling us. As, of course, do Abbott’s comments.
Abbott’s London speech was interpreted as incendiary, and earned him a
sharp rebuke from government colleagues.
But when we look at the places where his message might be received more
favourably, it becomes apparent there are still pockets of the country
where he might expect to find a plentiful and powerful audience.
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