15/02/2022

(BBC) Why Women Are Often Worst Hit By Climate Change

BBC - Harriet Bradshaw

Prof Tahseen Jafry, from the Centre for Climate Justice, says that when disasters strike women will usually have more on their plate

Climate change affects every person on the planet but studies have found it affects women more.

The Centre for Climate Justice based at Glasgow Caledonian University puts this down to two things.

Firstly, extreme weather disasters intensify existing inequalities in society.

Secondly, women don't have good enough representation at climate talks to have their say on effective solutions.

More unpaid housework and childcare

It is well documented in UK statistics that during the Covid crisis, on average, women have been doing more unpaid housework and unpaid childcare than men.

They do this while also juggling their paid work and other challenges the pandemic has caused.

Prof Tahseen Jafry, from the Centre for Climate Justice, says the effects of the climate crisis are no different.

She says that when disasters strike women will usually have more on their plate because of additional unpaid roles that are often not recognised.

"So it will be harder to be able to balance the workload when there's severe weather events in Scotland," Prof Jafry says.

"It's important to consider what we're talking about doesn't apply to every household in Scotland. But for many households women are juggling their daily lives."

And for countries already on the frontline of the climate crisis, this isn't just a concern, it is a reality right now, she says.

Working longer and harder

Gender and climate change expert Chimwemwe Nyambosa Ndhlovu, who is from Malawi, explains women and girls in that country will do most of the farming to feed their families, labour in the house, and collect water and wood, all unpaid, alongside making a bit of money themselves.

But these unevenly felt challenges are getting harder because of climate-related issues such as flooding and drought causing problems to their crops and water sanitation. And she told me the tension can lead to gender-based violence.

"In negotiations, we see a lot of men still at the tables, and women are still at the back. So it is difficult for [women] to present our feelings," she says.

Back in Scotland, Prof Jafry explains we need to learn lessons from other parts of the world and women's experiences:

"My concern is that a significant level of fear and not being able to cope and deal with a climate crisis is going to play out in a Scottish context as well," she says.

Shona Seaman had her home flooded out twice

In Brechin, Shona Seaman had her home flooded out twice a few years back. I decided to revisit her story because more regular and extreme flooding is predicted as an effect of climate change.

As a childminder she had to temporarily shut her business after the flood and later she permanently closed it.

And who was most affected? It was the mums Shona was having to call, who were juggling work and finding last-minute childcare.

"Flooding is traumatic and chaotic, and you can't plan for it," she says.

"And when you're running a business in your own home, and that business is caring for children, it adds another level of complexities.

"So we flooded and that night while I was trying to get my children and my family out of our house, I was also having to phone mums and let them know that I wasn't able to care for their children anymore."

Shona says the flood left her with no income but her husband was still working.

"If I was a single parent, or if our circumstances were different, it would have had a really profound affect on us," she says.

"And certainly women with micro-businesses and things in other parts of the world, if they lose those, then they've lost everything."

Giving women a voice

Women in Scotland are fighting for their place at the table in climate talks.

Gilded Lily in Glasgow runs workshops and programmes to empower women to have their say on climate change.

Sajida Rashid with a dress she made as part of the Glasgow Climate Sisters project

Sajida Rashid has been on a journey.

Her parents originally came from Pakistan to Scotland and while she was born and brought up here, she says she's had a fear of speaking out because of her background.

"I think bigger steps need to be taken and we're maybe not given a platform to do that," she says.

"I worked on a climate leadership programme last year, and learned a lot from it. I found my voice. Changes have to be made."

Zarina Ahmad, a climate communicator who works with these women, says such steps are key.

"Look at women for solutions and resilience - and don't speak on behalf of women, which is what we often get, especially women of colour. Give us space, let us have our voices, and let us be heard." 

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(AU Canberra Times) Have Fewer Kids To Cut Emissions: Report

Canberra Times - Marion Rae, AAP

An academic says population growth will make Australia vulnerable to food and energy scarcity.

Having fewer children does more to slow climate change than any other actions an individual can take, according to new research.

Nobody expects halting population growth alone to stop global warming but ignoring it altogether will ensure failure, a leading environmental scientist says in a report released on Monday.

Continuing population growth in Australia, combined with climate change, will make us vulnerable to food, water and energy scarcity in the future, lead author Ian Lowe warns.  

The single act today of choosing not to have a child could spread the avoided emissions over many decades.

In a rich country like Australia, having one less child could save more than 20 times as much greenhouse gases as living without a car, or about 70 times as much as switching to a meat-free diet, he said. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has put the brakes on migration, but employers are urging a return to pre-pandemic levels to help fix worker shortages.

But if immigration is high enough to cause population growth, it also increases a country's emissions.

"Some people argue that it makes no difference globally," Professor Lowe said.

"This is untrue; the average migrant to Australia increases their carbon footprint fourfold by adopting Australian lifestyles."

While Australians have recently reduced their per capita emissions a little, the nation's total emissions from energy use have risen 49 per cent since 1990 due entirely to population growth of 8.3 million people, he says.

Commissioned by environmental advocacy group Sustainable Population Australia, the report says affluent countries such as Australia should not be promoting population growth

"The link between population and climate change is often overlooked or misunderstood," SPA president Jenny Goldie said.

Prof Lowe says measures to curb population growth should not be "taboo".

He said voluntary family planning services were severely underfunded and under-promoted in poorer high-fertility countries, leaving many women without the means to avoid pregnancies they don't want.

Family planning programs could help development, the environment and climate adaptation.

The most recent figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics show the nation's population was just over 25.7 million at June 30, 2021.

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(AU ABC) Calls To Reject 'Gassy' Extension Of Whitehaven Coal's Narrabri Mine Over Methane Concerns

ABC New England - Patrick Bell

Whitehaven Coal's Narrabri Underground mine is currently set to close in 2031. (Supplied: Whitehaven Coal)

Key Points
  • Whitehaven Coal wants to extend the life of its Narrabri Underground mine by 13 years
  • Planning authorities have been told the mine's methane emissions could rise significantly
  • Business representatives say the extension is vital to the region's economic diversity
The extension of a coal mine in north-west New South Wales could lead to substantial increases in methane emissions and accelerate climate change, environmental advocates have argued.

The NSW Independent Planning Commission (IPC) is considering Whitehaven Coal's application to extend the life of its Narrabri underground mine by 13 years to 2044.

A public hearing into the project began today and heard evidence from the Department of Planning that the mine's fugitive emissions, which are generated when gases leak during mining, could increase significantly.

"The mine is considered to be a relatively gassy mine," executive director Clay Preshaw said.

Nic Clyde, the NSW community coordinator with the Lock the Gate Alliance, said in light of that the project would be out of step with stated policy goals of the NSW government to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
"This project would, if it were operating today, emit more Scope 1 greenhouse gas pollution than any other thermal coal mine in Australia," he said.
An aerial of the mine near Narrabri in the Namoi Valley. (Supplied: North West Protection Advocacy)

Anatoli Smirnov from the European energy think-tank Ember said coal mine methane comprises the largest share of Australia's total emissions of methane, which is a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide in the short-term.

Mr Smirnov said the project would only exacerbate this.
"[The International Energy Agency] thinks that we should target reductions of 75 per cent of [methane] emissions by 2030 … and we haven't really even started going in this direction," he said.
Economic benefits disputed

Whitehaven Coal has argued its product is among the cleanest in the world, and in many cases is exported for use in high efficiency, low emissions power stations.

The company also said if the extension is approved, the mine would continue to support more than 500 jobs, and the region's business community is also optimistic about the benefits it could bring.

Justin Smith from the Narrabri Industrial Network said there are many companies which have benefited from the opportunities the coal industry has created in the region.

"The extension will only see these businesses grow and give the region a more diverse sustainability," Mr Smith said.
Sally Hunter argues the strength of the thermal coal industry may change between now and when the project extension would begin. (ABC News)

But Boggabri landholder Sally Hunter argued the approval of the extension would give "false hope" about the sustainability of the coal industry, and questioned why it was being considered nine years ahead of when it would come into effect.
"This is like me booking my child into university before he even starts grade three," she said.
Ms Hunter said there was "no justification" for the project to go before a public hearing where rights of appeal were restricted after a decision was made.

"We were so desperate for a better outcome for our region than these previous processes have delivered," Ms Hunter said.

The second and final hearing day will take place on Friday.

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