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TRANSCRIPT
Judy Woodruff:
A leaked draft report from the United Nations
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change paints the starkest
picture yet of the real and accelerating danger caused by
humans' use of coal, oil, and gas.
William Brangham has the latest.
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William Brangham:
That's right, Judy.
This is a draft report, so it may still change. And it was
obtained by the AFP, the Agence France-Presse., even so, the
report says the threat from climate change is real, it's here,
and it's getting worse.
It lays out a myriad of impacts, unlivable heat waves,
widespread hunger and drought, rising sea levels that will
force millions from their homes, and the extinction of many
species.
For a U.N. agency, the draft language is blunt, saying — quote
— "The worst is yet to come, affecting our children's and
grandchildren's lives much more than our own."
For more on this, we turn to atmospheric scientist Katharine
Hayhoe. She's authored over 100 research papers, written many
climate reports, and currently teaches at Texas Tech
University. She's also the chief scientist for the Nature
Conservancy.
Professor Hayhoe, very good to have you back on the
"NewsHour."
The UNIPCC keeps saying this is a draft, it may change, but I
think it's pretty clear to say this language is incredibly
stark for the U.N.
What do you see as the main points to take away from this
draft?
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Katharine Hayhoe, Climate Scientist, Texas Tech
University:
I can't comment specifically on the contents of the draft
because it is a confidential document that was provided to
governments and experts for review.
But what I can say is that the results should be no surprise,
because we have known since the 1800s that digging up and
burning coal then, now gas and oil, are producing
heat-trapping gases that are wrapping an extra blanket on the
planet.
In 1965, scientists were sufficiently concerned about the
risks of climate change for humans that they formally warned a
U.S. president. And that was Lyndon B. Johnson. The IPCC
report on the 1.5-degree target that came out in 2018 was
absolutely clear. They said every bit of warming matters,
every action matters, every choice matters, and, really, the
time to act is now.
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William Brangham:
It seems that, just from what we understand of the draft
language, that this points to very overtly so many other
threads of our lives, the food that we eat, the air that we
breathe, whether we can walk outside in temperatures that
don't burn us.
I mean, it seems like it is stretching to every aspect of what
it takes to survive on Earth.
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Katharine Hayhoe:
That is exactly what is at stake.
After the polar bear, we are next. Climate change is not
something that needs to be moved up any of our priority lists.
The only reason we care about it is because it affects every
aspect of our lives, from literally the air we breathe, to the
food we eat, to the safety of our homes, to our economy, to
the health of our children.
I'm part of an organization called Science Moms, where we
connect climate change to moms and how we care about our kids.
And one of my fellow Science Moms, Joellen Russell, who's at
Arizona, she said today — she said: I had to wake my kids up
at 5:00 a.m., so they could go outside to play because it was
too hot and dangerous for them to play later in the day.
How does that not matter to any parent?
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William Brangham:
I'm always leery of saying, well, this will be a turning
point, this heat wave, this drought, this loss of ice.
I wonder, why do you think it has us to take so long to
appreciate the severity of this situation?
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Katharine Hayhoe:
We humans are really good at psychologically distancing
ourselves from things that we think will matter in the future,
but not now, from how much money we save for retirement, or
how much we exercise, or don't, or what we eat and what we
shouldn't.
And it's same with climate change. It turns out, in the U.S.,
almost three-quarters of the people would say, oh, yes,
climate change is real, it will affect future generations, it
will affect plants and animals, it will affect people who live
in countries far away.
But when you say, do you think it will affect you, the number
drops precipitously to just over 40 percent. That gap is our
biggest problem, not the gap of people who say it isn't real,
the gap of those of us who say is real, but we don't think it
matters.
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William Brangham:
Right. I remember you saying before about how the two great
myths are, it won't affect me, and there's nothing that I can
do.
So, for — this report certainly blows away that first myth, as
you are saying. This certainly affects everybody that lives on
this planet.
What about that second issue, though? For someone who is
hearing this news and paying attention to this, and
despairing, rightly so, what do you say to them?
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Katharine Hayhoe:
To them I say, you know what? Every single one of us can make
a difference.
And here's the amazing thing. It all begins by talking about
it, by having a conversation about why it matters, how it
connects to what we're already passionate about, whether we're
a mom, whether we live in California and we're worried about
wildfires, whether we're worried about bigger, stronger
hurricanes in the Gulf Coast, whether we're a farmer, whether
we're a business owner, whether we care about national
security.
Talk about why it matters and talk about what we can do to fix
it, from individual actions, like efficiency, clean energy,
electric cars, reducing our meat intake, eating more plants,
to much bigger scale. What can our company do? What could our
school or university do? How could our place of worship help?
How could our city get in on the action?
Cities are really where it's at when it comes to climate
action. We have to recognize that climate action is not a
giant boulder sitting at the very bottom of the hill with only
one or two hands trying to push it up an impossibly steep
cliff. The boulder is already at the top of the hill. It's
already starting to roll down. It's already got millions of
hands on it. It just isn't going fast enough.
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William Brangham:
Another aspect that the U.N. report, this draft report touches
on is our seeming failure at doing real adaptation to the
threats we're already seeing, from rising seas, to droughts,
to agriculture.
What would you counsel governmental leaders to be doing on
that front, to deal with the threats that are here today, even
as we also try to deal with emissions longer term?
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Katharine Hayhoe:
Absolutely.
We no longer have a choice between cutting our carbon
emissions or adapting to climate change. We have to do both,
because the third alternative is suffering. It's as if we have
been smoking a pack of cigarettes a day for years and even
decades. You might have some spots on your lungs and impaired
breathing, but we don't have emphysema, we don't have lung
cancer, and we're not dead yet.
So how can we prepare for that future? We have to prepare our
water systems, our infrastructure, our buildings, our food
systems, even our national security systems. We have to
prepare them for the changes that are coming.
And we're already doing that. Adaptation is already happening.
And along the way, it can save us money, it can clean up our
air and our water, and it can provide us with much more
healthy and livable cities too.
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William Brangham:
All right, Professor Katharine Hayhoe, always good to see you.
Thank you very much for being here.
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Katharine Hayhoe:
Thank you for having me.
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