15/02/2022

(BBC) Why Women Are Often Worst Hit By Climate Change

BBC - Harriet Bradshaw

Prof Tahseen Jafry, from the Centre for Climate Justice, says that when disasters strike women will usually have more on their plate

Climate change affects every person on the planet but studies have found it affects women more.

The Centre for Climate Justice based at Glasgow Caledonian University puts this down to two things.

Firstly, extreme weather disasters intensify existing inequalities in society.

Secondly, women don't have good enough representation at climate talks to have their say on effective solutions.

More unpaid housework and childcare

It is well documented in UK statistics that during the Covid crisis, on average, women have been doing more unpaid housework and unpaid childcare than men.

They do this while also juggling their paid work and other challenges the pandemic has caused.

Prof Tahseen Jafry, from the Centre for Climate Justice, says the effects of the climate crisis are no different.

She says that when disasters strike women will usually have more on their plate because of additional unpaid roles that are often not recognised.

"So it will be harder to be able to balance the workload when there's severe weather events in Scotland," Prof Jafry says.

"It's important to consider what we're talking about doesn't apply to every household in Scotland. But for many households women are juggling their daily lives."

And for countries already on the frontline of the climate crisis, this isn't just a concern, it is a reality right now, she says.

Working longer and harder

Gender and climate change expert Chimwemwe Nyambosa Ndhlovu, who is from Malawi, explains women and girls in that country will do most of the farming to feed their families, labour in the house, and collect water and wood, all unpaid, alongside making a bit of money themselves.

But these unevenly felt challenges are getting harder because of climate-related issues such as flooding and drought causing problems to their crops and water sanitation. And she told me the tension can lead to gender-based violence.

"In negotiations, we see a lot of men still at the tables, and women are still at the back. So it is difficult for [women] to present our feelings," she says.

Back in Scotland, Prof Jafry explains we need to learn lessons from other parts of the world and women's experiences:

"My concern is that a significant level of fear and not being able to cope and deal with a climate crisis is going to play out in a Scottish context as well," she says.

Shona Seaman had her home flooded out twice

In Brechin, Shona Seaman had her home flooded out twice a few years back. I decided to revisit her story because more regular and extreme flooding is predicted as an effect of climate change.

As a childminder she had to temporarily shut her business after the flood and later she permanently closed it.

And who was most affected? It was the mums Shona was having to call, who were juggling work and finding last-minute childcare.

"Flooding is traumatic and chaotic, and you can't plan for it," she says.

"And when you're running a business in your own home, and that business is caring for children, it adds another level of complexities.

"So we flooded and that night while I was trying to get my children and my family out of our house, I was also having to phone mums and let them know that I wasn't able to care for their children anymore."

Shona says the flood left her with no income but her husband was still working.

"If I was a single parent, or if our circumstances were different, it would have had a really profound affect on us," she says.

"And certainly women with micro-businesses and things in other parts of the world, if they lose those, then they've lost everything."

Giving women a voice

Women in Scotland are fighting for their place at the table in climate talks.

Gilded Lily in Glasgow runs workshops and programmes to empower women to have their say on climate change.

Sajida Rashid with a dress she made as part of the Glasgow Climate Sisters project

Sajida Rashid has been on a journey.

Her parents originally came from Pakistan to Scotland and while she was born and brought up here, she says she's had a fear of speaking out because of her background.

"I think bigger steps need to be taken and we're maybe not given a platform to do that," she says.

"I worked on a climate leadership programme last year, and learned a lot from it. I found my voice. Changes have to be made."

Zarina Ahmad, a climate communicator who works with these women, says such steps are key.

"Look at women for solutions and resilience - and don't speak on behalf of women, which is what we often get, especially women of colour. Give us space, let us have our voices, and let us be heard." 

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(AU Canberra Times) Have Fewer Kids To Cut Emissions: Report

Canberra Times - Marion Rae, AAP

An academic says population growth will make Australia vulnerable to food and energy scarcity.

Having fewer children does more to slow climate change than any other actions an individual can take, according to new research.

Nobody expects halting population growth alone to stop global warming but ignoring it altogether will ensure failure, a leading environmental scientist says in a report released on Monday.

Continuing population growth in Australia, combined with climate change, will make us vulnerable to food, water and energy scarcity in the future, lead author Ian Lowe warns.  

The single act today of choosing not to have a child could spread the avoided emissions over many decades.

In a rich country like Australia, having one less child could save more than 20 times as much greenhouse gases as living without a car, or about 70 times as much as switching to a meat-free diet, he said. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has put the brakes on migration, but employers are urging a return to pre-pandemic levels to help fix worker shortages.

But if immigration is high enough to cause population growth, it also increases a country's emissions.

"Some people argue that it makes no difference globally," Professor Lowe said.

"This is untrue; the average migrant to Australia increases their carbon footprint fourfold by adopting Australian lifestyles."

While Australians have recently reduced their per capita emissions a little, the nation's total emissions from energy use have risen 49 per cent since 1990 due entirely to population growth of 8.3 million people, he says.

Commissioned by environmental advocacy group Sustainable Population Australia, the report says affluent countries such as Australia should not be promoting population growth

"The link between population and climate change is often overlooked or misunderstood," SPA president Jenny Goldie said.

Prof Lowe says measures to curb population growth should not be "taboo".

He said voluntary family planning services were severely underfunded and under-promoted in poorer high-fertility countries, leaving many women without the means to avoid pregnancies they don't want.

Family planning programs could help development, the environment and climate adaptation.

The most recent figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics show the nation's population was just over 25.7 million at June 30, 2021.

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(AU ABC) Calls To Reject 'Gassy' Extension Of Whitehaven Coal's Narrabri Mine Over Methane Concerns

ABC New England - Patrick Bell

Whitehaven Coal's Narrabri Underground mine is currently set to close in 2031. (Supplied: Whitehaven Coal)

Key Points
  • Whitehaven Coal wants to extend the life of its Narrabri Underground mine by 13 years
  • Planning authorities have been told the mine's methane emissions could rise significantly
  • Business representatives say the extension is vital to the region's economic diversity
The extension of a coal mine in north-west New South Wales could lead to substantial increases in methane emissions and accelerate climate change, environmental advocates have argued.

The NSW Independent Planning Commission (IPC) is considering Whitehaven Coal's application to extend the life of its Narrabri underground mine by 13 years to 2044.

A public hearing into the project began today and heard evidence from the Department of Planning that the mine's fugitive emissions, which are generated when gases leak during mining, could increase significantly.

"The mine is considered to be a relatively gassy mine," executive director Clay Preshaw said.

Nic Clyde, the NSW community coordinator with the Lock the Gate Alliance, said in light of that the project would be out of step with stated policy goals of the NSW government to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
"This project would, if it were operating today, emit more Scope 1 greenhouse gas pollution than any other thermal coal mine in Australia," he said.
An aerial of the mine near Narrabri in the Namoi Valley. (Supplied: North West Protection Advocacy)

Anatoli Smirnov from the European energy think-tank Ember said coal mine methane comprises the largest share of Australia's total emissions of methane, which is a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide in the short-term.

Mr Smirnov said the project would only exacerbate this.
"[The International Energy Agency] thinks that we should target reductions of 75 per cent of [methane] emissions by 2030 … and we haven't really even started going in this direction," he said.
Economic benefits disputed

Whitehaven Coal has argued its product is among the cleanest in the world, and in many cases is exported for use in high efficiency, low emissions power stations.

The company also said if the extension is approved, the mine would continue to support more than 500 jobs, and the region's business community is also optimistic about the benefits it could bring.

Justin Smith from the Narrabri Industrial Network said there are many companies which have benefited from the opportunities the coal industry has created in the region.

"The extension will only see these businesses grow and give the region a more diverse sustainability," Mr Smith said.
Sally Hunter argues the strength of the thermal coal industry may change between now and when the project extension would begin. (ABC News)

But Boggabri landholder Sally Hunter argued the approval of the extension would give "false hope" about the sustainability of the coal industry, and questioned why it was being considered nine years ahead of when it would come into effect.
"This is like me booking my child into university before he even starts grade three," she said.
Ms Hunter said there was "no justification" for the project to go before a public hearing where rights of appeal were restricted after a decision was made.

"We were so desperate for a better outcome for our region than these previous processes have delivered," Ms Hunter said.

The second and final hearing day will take place on Friday.

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14/02/2022

(AU SMH) Gas Losing Favour In Electricity Market As Renewables Power On

 Sydney Morning Herald | Miki Perkins

Renewable energy generation reached record highs in all Australian mainland states in 2021 as reliance on gas continued to drop across the country.

 In the country’s largest grid – the National Electricity Market (NEM) – renewables provided five times more power than gas in 2021, while gas generation reached its lowest level in more than 15 years, according to data released on Thursday by the Climate Council.

The Coonooer Bridge wind farm north-west of Bendigo in Victoria.

Renewable energy generation increased almost 20 per cent in the NEM in 2021, with a 30 per cent jump in Victoria, and 26 per cent rise in Western Australia.

In South Australia, gas generation slumped to its lowest level in more than two decades, while in Victoria it fell 30 per cent in 12 months. In NSW, gas provided just 1.5 per cent of the state’s power, its lowest level in 15 years.

Tasmania matched its previous 2020 record of 99.9 per cent of renewable energy – created through wind, water and solar – in 2021.

Major upgrades to transmission lines across Australia have increased the capacity of the ageing electricity grid to cope with the increase in renewable power, said Dr Madeline Taylor, a senior lecturer at Macquarie University’s school of law and expert spokesperson with the Climate Council, an independent and community-funded organisation.

Energy production in 2021
*South West Interconnected System only
Source: OpenNEM. This data covers the period from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021.

A flurry of announcements about new “big batteries” had given confidence to investors in renewables and the high price of gas also led to a drop in consumption, she said.

“Gas is so expensive … it’s honestly one of the silliest ways to produce electricity when we have more and more battery storage,” said Dr Taylor.

Despite pandemic lockdowns and supply chain problems, householders led a record increase in rooftop solar capacity last year. More than 3000MW was installed in 2021 and almost one-third of Australian households have solar panels, the highest rate in the world.


While reliance on coal has continued to fall, it remains the dominant source of power in the NEM, accounting for 66 per cent of electricity generation, a drop of 4.4 per cent since 2020. Over the past five years, coal’s share of electricity generation has fallen by 15.3 per cent.

Demand on the NEM has been consistent for the past 15 years and did not shift much during the pandemic because although consumers were not using power in offices, they were using it at home, Climate Council senior researcher Tim Baxter said.

“The role for gas in the grid is going to continue to decline over the course of the next 10 years,” Mr Baxter said. “This is where batteries and pumped hydro will help introduce more flexibility.”

Pumped hydro acts like a large battery. When there is excess power in the system, energy is used to pump water up to a storage area. When there is demand for energy, the water is released and used to generate electricity.

Energy

Bruce Mountain, from the Victoria Energy Policy Centre, said the drop in gas use also showed that peaking gas generators – only turned on to supply the grid when demand surges – are being driven out of the market.

“This was well known and forecast by any energy sector specialists,” Professor Mountain said.

The federal government has been criticised for its controversial proposal to build a $600 million gas-powered peaking plant at Kurri Kurri. When it was announced, Energy Security Board chair Kerry Schott said nobody would build it from the private sector because “it doesn’t stack up”.

Federal Energy and Emissions Reduction Minister Angus Taylor has said peaking or fast-start gas plants are needed to provide dispatchable power to fill energy supply gaps.

Victorian Minister for the Environment and Climate Change Lily D’Ambrosio said her government was proud to have achieved the largest ever annual increase in renewable power in Australia last year, attributing this to multiple, legislated renewable energy targets and projects such as the 300-megawatt Victorian Big Battery.

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(AU ABC) Victoria's First Seaweed Farm Aims To Reduce Livestock Emissions

ABC Rural - Peter Somerville

Asparagopsis armata seaweed harvested from the ocean off Queenscliff.(ABC News: Patrick Rocca)

Key Points
  • In a Victorian first, seaweed is being commercially farmed in Port Phillip
  • The Asparagopsis armata will be fed to cattle to reduce methane emissions
  • Eating just 50 grams per day can reduce emissions and help cattle gain weight faster
In a Victorian-first, seaweed is being farmed to one day reduce methane emissions in cows.

The numbers are impressive.

Feeding a small ration can reduce a cow's methane emissions by 98 per cent.

It is a natural product that is readily available, and it could even help the cattle gain weight faster.

Asparagopsis armata is being farmed in Port Phillip, right on Melbourne's doorstep.

Scientists are working on other uses for the seaweed, but it is the livestock application that is being targeted in Victoria for the time being.

A recent study found that including Asparagopsis in a steer's feedlot ration at a rate of 0.20 per cent of organic matter could reduce its methane emissions by up to 98 per cent.

Seaweed growing on the ocean floor off Queenscliff, viewed through a bathyscope. (ABC Rural: Peter Somerville)

 "We see globally and particularly here in Australia that the use of Asparagopsis as a livestock supplement is a very advanced field," Immersion Group director Scott Elliott said.

"We have a representative body called Future Feed who is  working hand in hand with industry in order to get this into the guts of animals and to reduce methane."

Mr Elliott said other beneficial uses, particularly in human applications, still required many years of research.

An exciting time for Victorian industry
        
Dr Prue Francis, from Deakin University, is excited about the future of seaweed farming in Victoria.(ABC Rural: Peter Somerville)

Researchers note a particular focus on Asparagopsis armata. However, it is not the only species that could have beneficial uses.

Dr Prue Francis, a senior marine science lecturer at Deakin University, said seaweeds could one day also be used in the medicine, beauty and food industries.

"For me, it's really exciting to see what might become, particularly in Victoria," Dr Francis said.

Cows ate seaweed and burped less

"There's a lot of great sites along the Victorian coastline.

"In fact, we've got a seaweed biodiversity hotspot along the Victorian coastline.

"So, we're really primed to explore what seaweed spaces we've got to farm and do it at a large scale and look after our food security.

"Seaweed and seaweed farming could potentially meet that food security challenge that we're seeing now in Australia."

Crucial to livestock industry targets Australia's red meat carbon neutral by 2030. The industry has invested in seaweed and has claimed it as a success story. 

Henry Cole seeds Asparagopsis in Port Phillip. It will eventually grow and become a livestock feed additive. (ABC Rural: Peter Somerville)

"It demonstrates that we can actually solve the problem," Meat and Livestock Australia managing director Jason Strong said.

"That we can invest in and discover or find and invent technologies that get us down the path of being carbon neutral by 2030.

This Asparagopsis armata harvested from Port Phillip could one day help reduce the emissions of Australian cattle. (ABC Rural: Peter Somerville)

"It works, and we're not that far off it becoming commercially viable at all," he said.

"There's a number of companies growing and producing the supplement now, initially as a freeze tried product. it's able to be used now, and we expect those companies growing it will have a product in the market very soon."

New challenges Dr Francis said figuring out how to cultivate seaweeds can be challenging.

"Taking it up to farm at a large scale requires research and development trials, so we're certainly getting there. Hopefully, into the future, with more research and more trials, we'll see our knowledge improve further."

Scott Elliot and Henry Cole hope to one day produce commercial quantities of Asparagopsis armata. (ABC Rural: Peter Somerville)

Henry Cole, a diver and offshore operations manager with Immersion Group said they were actually propagating seaweed from the sea floor to their lines.

"Basically, we're just giving it the assistance it needs and structure for it to grow,"  Mr Cole said.

Mr Elliott said there had been false starts along the way, with a lot learned about seaweed production. 

"We're at a stage where our research and development is done," Mr Elliott said.

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(AU The Guardian) NSW Activists ‘Delighted’ As High Court Rejects Kepco’s Coalmine In Bylong Valley

The Guardian - 

Environmental advocates tell South Korean miner to ‘pack its bags’ as company considers next steps

The high court has rejected Kepco’s appeal to build an open-cut coalmine in NSW’s Bylong Valley. Photograph: Tracey Nearmy/AAP

The mining company Kepco has failed in its final legal bid to challenge a decision to reject its plans for an open-cut coalmine in the New South Wales Bylong Valley.

Environmentalists and members of the Bylong Valley community are now calling on the South Korean company to walk away and sell its land back to farming families rather than submitting a revised development proposal for the project.

The high court on Thursday declined to hear Kepco’s appeal that sought to challenge the NSW Independent Planning Commission’s (IPC) decision in 2019 to reject its development application.

The commission refused development approval for the greenfield coalmine, citing the unacceptable impact the mine would have on agricultural land and the environment – including through greenhouse gas emissions – and the costs to future generations.

Its decision was subsequently upheld by the NSW land and environment court and the court of appeal.

The high court’s decision exhausts the company’s final legal avenue for the project in its current form and brings to an end a lengthy battle for Bylong Valley community members who have fought the project for years.

“KEPCO needs to eat some humble pie, pack its bags, and leave,” said Phillip Kennedy, the president of the Bylong Valley Protection Alliance.

“KEPCO must not submit a revised project, it must not delay, it must only sell its land back to the farming families of Australia and leave the Bylong Valley for good.

“The Bylong Valley community only wants some certainty, and we’re looking forward to that with this win.”

The Bylong Valley Protection Alliance had joined as a party to the original judicial review to defend the IPC’s ruling after the commission itself declined to take an active role in proceedings.

The alliance’s legal representative, the Environmental Defenders Office, said the high court made its decision based on written submissions, without the need for a hearing.

“We could not be more delighted for our clients, the Bylong Valley Protection Alliance, who have dedicated years of their lives to challenging this destructive and inappropriate coal mine proposal,” managing lawyer Rana Koroglu said.


“The IPC’s decision to refuse this mine was sound. It was based on the evidence and the science, including evidence about the ‘problematical’ greenhouse gas emissions.”

Koroglu said the project would have generated more than 200m tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions.

She said the commission’s decision had been tested to its limits through the courts and in every appeal had been upheld.

“It means the IPC can be assured that an evidence-based decision to reject these kinds of destructive fossil fuel projects in the future is legally supported.”

A spokesperson for Kepco said the company was “disappointed with the high court’s decision to dismiss the special leave application”.

“KEPCO will now take some time to consider its next steps,” they said.

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13/02/2022

(Podcast) Changing How We Cover Climate Change

Whooshka - Podcast

This week, Prue Clarke talks with Julian Cribb, co-founder of the Council of Human Future, and Kyle Pope, the editor of the Columbia Journalism Review, about how to cover climate change.


Kyle Pope

Kyle Pope is the editor and publisher of the Columbia Journalism Review.


He has worked as editor of the New York Observer, the Wall Street Journal, and Portfolio magazine.

Pope has served as a judge for The Pulitzer Prizes and the National Magazine Awards.

In 2016, he was hired by the Columbia Journalism Review (CJR) as editor and publisher.


Covering Climate Now, a collaborative approach by media outlets committed to improving their climate journalism, is an initiative of CJR.
Julian Cribb

Julian Cribb AM is an Australian author and science communicator.

He is a Fellow of the UK Royal Society for the Arts, the Australian Academy of Technological Science and Engineering (ATSE) and the Australian National University Emeritus Faculty.

Cribb's career includes appointments as scientific editor for The Australian newspaper, director of national awareness for CSIRO, editor of several newspapers including the National Farmer.

He is president of national professional bodies for agricultural journalism and science communication.

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Lethal Heating is a citizens' initiative