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| Young girls plant trees in Addis Ababa as part of a ‘national tree-planting drive’ in response to climate change. MICHAEL TEWELDE / Contributor / Getty Images |
- Climate change is expected to push people away from uninhabitable rural areas and into cities.
- For example, The World Bank predicts the urban population of Ethiopia to triple to 42.3 million by 2037.
- A recent investigation by ProPublica and The New York Times Magazine said that overcrowded cities can lead people to “congregate in slums with little or electricity” which “fuel extremism and chaos.”
- Economic anthropologist Jason Hickel told Insider in an email that “parts of the world that are being most heavily impacted by climate change are the parts of the world that have done the very least to cause it.”
- Here’s a look into what rapid urbanisation looks like in Ethiopia’s capital and largest city, Addis Ababa.
In Ethiopia, for example, data from the country’s central statistics agency predicts the urban population to triple to 42.3 million by 2037, according to a report from the World Bank. The country is undergoing “rapid urbanisation,” where the labour force has doubled in the past two decades and is predicted to rise even more to 82 million by 2030, the report says.
A recent deep investigation by ProPublica and The New York Times Magazine warned of the devastating consequences of extremely rapid urbanisation, pointing out how overcrowded cities can prompt people to “congregate in slums with little or electricity” which “fuel extremism and chaos.”
Because of the country’s massive population influx, Ethiopia’s capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, has been going through that kind of rapid urbanisation. Here’s what the city looks like, through photos.
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Climate change has led to problems that may force millions of people to abandon their homes to migrate into cities and eventually cross national borders. |
| Apartments in Addis Ababa in 2016. Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us / Contributor / Getty Images |
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Economic anthropologist Jason Hickel told Insider in an email that “droughts and floods caused by climate change” have already made some rural regions of the world “virtually uninhabitable.”
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| Streets of Addis Ababa. Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us / Contributor / Getty Images |
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According to Hickel, these unsustainable conditions of living force “people to abandon their land and search for wages in cities.” |
| Construction in Addis Ababa. Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us / Contributor/Getty Images |
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In Ethiopia, 30% of the population might live in urban areas by 2028, based on the rate of urbanisation, according to The World Bank. Source: The World Bank |
| Skyline of Addis Ababa. VW Pics / Contributor / Getty Images |
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Rapid urbanisation can push people to congregate in slums. Around 40 per cent of global urban expansion may be in slums, according to a 2017 report published by the UN. Source: United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports |
| Two women with leprosy are hospitalized in the slum of Northern Addis Ababa in 2007. Jonathan Alpeyrie / Contributor / Getty Images
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Hickel says the rise of slums “is a recipe for poverty, political instability and social unrest.” |
| A young girl collects garbage left on road in the Northern slum of Addis Ababa in 2007. Jonathan Alpeyrie/Getty Images |
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In addition, rapid urbanisation tasks communities with the challenges of meeting the large increase in demands for work. |
| A shoe manufacturing park in Addis Ababa. SOPA Images / Contributor / Getty Images |
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The World Bank reported that in Ethiopia, the labour force has doubled in the past two decades. Source: The World Bank |
| A factory in Gelan – roughly an hour drive from Addis Ababa – was impacted by the electricity cuts in Addis Ababa in 2019. EDUARDO SOTERAS/AFP via Getty Images |
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The World Bank reported that Ethiopia will need to create around one million more urban jobs per year between 2019 to 2035 in order to maintain and reduce the current level of unemployment. Source: The World Bank |
| A modern textile factory in Addis Ababa in 2017. picture alliance / Contributor / Getty Images
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Hickel told Insider that what’s happening in Ethiopia is “a portent of more to come.” Without radical efforts to reduce global emissions, he says the problem will only get worse. |
| Addis Ababa’s ‘national tree-planting drive’ in response to climate change. MICHAEL TEWELDE / Contributor / Getty Images |
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A recent investigation by ProPublica and The New York Times Magazine used data to predict migration from climate change. Source: ProPublica and The New York Times Magazine |
| Children in Addis Ababa in 2019. Anadolu Agency / Contributor / Getty Images |
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While nothing their model is “far from definitive,” they concluded it was clear that “climate change, currently a subtle disrupting influence, becomes a source of major disruption, increasingly driving the displacement of vast populations.” |
| Hotels in Addis Ababa are mostly closed due to coronavirus. The few that are open are mostly empty. Anadolu Agency / Contributor / Getty Images |
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The late Oxford environmentalist Norman Myers estimated that by 2050 an estimate of 200 million people may have to migrate because of climate change. Source: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society |
| A woman sells corn at a Addis Ababa market. Anadolu Agency / Contributor / Getty Images |
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Hickel says that “parts of the world that are being most heavily impacted by climate change are the parts of the world that have done the veryleast to cause it” and that ensuring everyone has “the right to access safe and habitable parts of the planet” should be a “defining struggle” of the 21st century. |
| A group of women in Addis Ababa in 2019. Anadolu Agency / Contributor / Getty Images |
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10 countries contribute to more than 68% of all greenhouse gas emissions around the world. The US, counting for 13%, comes second to China (26%) and before the EU overall (7.8%). Source: World Resources Institute |
| Addis Ababa celebrates the third annual ‘Car Free Day’ to reduce air pollution. EDUARDO SOTERAS / Contributor / Getty Images |
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The sustainability and safety of communities like Addis Ababa depend on the decisions other countries make to respond to climate change and migration. |
| Addis Ababa in August, 2020. Minasse Wondimu Hailu/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images |
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If the US and other developed nations “refuse to welcome migrants but also fail to help them at home” the impact could be devastatingly “lethal,” according to ProPublica and The NY Times Magazine. Source: ProPublica and The New York Times Magazine |
| Streets of Addis Ababa in 2015. Thomas Imo / Contributor / Getty Images
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In 2019, the African Development Bank President Akinwumi Adesina said “Africa shouldn’t be in a situation wherein it is begging” for the financial support necessary to contend with climate change. “There has to be climate justice,” Adesina said. Source: The Associated Press |
| African Development Bank president Akinwumi Adesina speaks with Burkina Faso president Roch Marc Christian Kaboré at the G5 Sahel Summit in 2019. ISSOUF SANOGO / Contributor / Getty Images |
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Hickel told Insider that the “existing approach to aid is not a meaningful solution,” and said that wealthy nations contributing disproportionately to the “climate breakdown” must stop using fossil fuels and provide “reparations” to vulnerable countries. |
| A sack of grain donations from USAID in Ethiopia. ullstein bild Dtl. / Contributor / Getty Images |
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The coronavirus pandemic poses yet another set of challenges to Addis Ababa. Ethiopia has a total of 20,900 confirmed cases so far according to Johns Hopkins University. |
| Officials distribute disinfection works in Addis Ababa in response to coronavirus. Anadolu Agency Contributor. |
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