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Source: Getty |
Australia's catastrophic bushfires were among a series of costly weather disasters that reflected the long-term impact of climate change, according to a new report.
The same disasters claimed at least 3,500 lives and displaced more than 13.5 million people.
From Australia's out-of-control wildfires in January to a record number of Atlantic hurricanes through November, the true cost of the year's climate-enhanced calamities was in fact far higher because most losses were uninsured.
Not surprisingly, the burden fell disproportionately on poor nations, according to the annual tally from global NGO Christian Aid, entitled "Count the cost of 2020: a year of climate breakdown".
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"More than a quarter of the country was under water," said
Shahjahan Mondal, a professor at the Bangladesh University of
Engineering and Technology.
Munir Uz zaman |
"Whether floods in Asia, locusts in Africa, or storms in Europe and the Americas, climate change has continued to rage in 2020," said Christian Aid's climate policy lead, Kat Kramer.
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Locust swarms across East Africa following an unusually rainy
season at the end of 2019 destroyed crops, trees and pastures,
threatening food security. Luis Tato |
Extreme weather disasters, of course, have plagued humanity long before manmade global warming began to mess with the planet's climate system.
But more than a century of temperature and precipitation data, along with decades of satellite data on hurricanes and sea level rise, have left no doubt that Earth's warming surface temperature is amplifying their impact.
Massive tropical storms - variously known as hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones - are now more likely, for example, to be stronger, last longer, carry more water and wander beyond their historical range.
2020's record-breaking 30 named Atlantic hurricanes - with at least 400 fatalities and $41 billion in damages - suggest the world could see more such storms as well.
The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) had to use Greek symbols after running out of letters in the Latin alphabet.
Extremes, not averages
Intense summer flooding in China and India, where the monsoon season brought abnormal amounts of rainfall for the second year running, are also consistent with projections on how climate will impact precipitation.
Five of the most costly extreme weather events in 2020 were related to Asia's unusually rainy monsoon.
"The 2020 flood was one of the worst in the history of Bangladesh, more than a quarter of the country was under water," said Shahjahan Mondal, director of the Institute of Flood and Water Management at the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology.
Wildfires that scorched record areas in California, Australia and even Russia's Siberian hinterland, much of it within the Arctic Circle, are also consistent with a warmer world, and a predicted to get worse as temperatures climb.
The planet's average surface temperature has gone up at least 1.1 degrees Celsius on average compared to the late 19th-century, with much of that warming occurring in the last half-century.
The 2015 Paris Agreement enjoins the world's nations to collectively cap global warming at "well below" 2C, and even 1.5C if feasible.
A landmark report in 2018 from the UN's IPCC climate science advisory panel showed that 1.5C is a safer threshold, but the likelihood of staying below it have grown vanishingly small, according to many experts.
"Ultimately, the impacts of climate change will be felt via the extremes, and not average changes," noted Sarah Perkins-Kilpatrick, a senior lecturer at the University of New South Wales' Climate Change Research Centre.
If the growing frequency and intensity of natural weather disasters is consistent with modelling projections, the new field of attribution science is now able to put a number on how much more likely such an event is due to global warming.
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Five of the most costly extreme weather events in 2020 were related
to Asia's unusually rainy monsoon.
Erik De Castro |
The unprecedented wildfires that destroyed 20 per cent of Australia's forests and killed tens of millions of wild animals in late 2019 and early 2020, for example, were made at least 30 per cent more likely, according to research led by Friederike Otto at the University of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute.
In Europe, meanwhile, the chance of deadly heatwaves occurring has risen nearly 100 fold compared to a century ago, according to recent research.
"Heatwaves and floods which used to be 'once in a century' events are becoming more regular occurrences," noted WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.
Links- Counting the cost 2020: a year of climate breakdown (pdf)
- Climate change: Extreme weather causes huge losses in 2020
- Conservation biologist: 'one year on from the bushfires, I feel an underlying sadness for the future'
- Fires and floods: Brace yourself for more of this, experts say
- Is climate change the crisis we forgot about?
- More than 60,000 koalas among three billion animals impacted by Australia's Black Summer bushfires
- 2021 will be cooler but still in top six warmest
- Have countries kept their climate change promises?
- Warmer winters linked to increased drowning risk
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