More Than One Way For Animals To Survive Climate Change

Phys.org - University of New Hampshire

Credit: CC0 Public Domain

As climate change continues to trigger the rise in temperature, increase drier conditions and shift precipitation patterns, adapting to new conditions will be critical for the long-term survival of most species.

Researchers at the University of New Hampshire found that to live in hotter more desert-like surroundings, and exist without water, there is more than one genetic mechanism allowing animals to adapt.

This is important not only for their survival but may also provide important biomedical groundwork to develop gene therapies to treat human dehydration related illnesses, like kidney disease.

"To reference a familiar phrase, it tells us that there is more than one way to bake a cake," said Jocelyn Colella, a postdoctoral researcher in evolutionary biology.

 "In other words, there are several ways for animals to adapt to desert conditions and discovering this genetic flexibility offers a silver lining to all species that will increasingly be forced to acclimate to hotter, drier settings."

In their study, recently published in the Journal of Heredity, researchers compared the genetic mechanisms of three species of mice found in warm and dry areas; the cactus and canyon mice, both found predominately in desert habitats, and the North American deer mouse, which can also be found in colder, wetter climates in the northern United States.

The researchers hypothesized that similar genes in each species would be critical to survive in desert environments.

What they found was that each species used a different mechanism, meaning different genes and functions allowing for the same adaptation. One species adapted through mutational genetic changes over time and another used changes in gene expression which can occur more quickly and may be the more efficient evolutionary route.

"We were excited by the findings because if our research had only found one gene that was critical to adapting to warmer, drier conditions it would suggest that it would be challenging for other animals to respond to climate change, but our work says there are multiple evolutionary options that enable desert survival," said Colella.

The findings could also provide foundational information for biomedical research in developing gene therapies for human kidney disease.

"Because mice are physiologically similar to humans, this type of evolutionary work offers important first steps toward identifying and understanding genes that control complex traits like dehydration, which can compromise human kidneys causing lifelong, irreparable damage," said Matt MacManes, associate professor of genome enabled biology.

Each year millions of people die of dehydration related illness around the world. Experts say even minor dehydration can compromise the kidneys causing lifelong issues.

Links

• Migratory birds track climate across the year
• Warming climate is changing where birds breed: study
• Which species will win and lose in a warmer climate? It depends where they evolved
• Predator-Proof Fence: 10km Barrier To Be Built Across Wilsons Promontory To Protect Native Wildlife
• Climate Change And Food Demand Could Shrink Species' Habitats By Almost A Quarter By 2100
• Climate Change May Doom 1 In 3 Species Of Plants And Animals In The Next 50 Years
• Study: One-Third Of Plant And Animal Species Could Be Gone In 50 Years
• Innocent Animals Cannot Do Anything About Climate Change. Only People Can.
• Spiders Are Threatened By Climate Change – And Even The Biggest Arachnophobes Should Be Worried
• The Animals That Will Survive Climate Change
• Why The Polar Bear Is An Indisputable Image Of Climate Change
• Golden Bowerbirds' Building Prowess Helps Scientists Monitor Climate Change, And Alarm Bells Are Ringing