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A road winds through a colorful forest near Frankfurt, Germany.
(Michael Probst / Associated Press)
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Britain hailed the commitment as the first big achievement of the United Nations climate conference, known as COP26, taking place this month in the Scottish city of Glasgow. But campaigners say they need to see the details to understand its full effect.
The British government said it had received commitments from leaders representing more than 85% of the world’s forests to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030. Among them are several countries with massive forests, including the U.S., Brazil, China, Colombia, Congo, Indonesia and Russia.
More than $19 billion in public and private funds has been pledged toward the plan.
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said that “with today’s unprecedented pledges, we will have a chance to end humanity’s long history as nature’s conqueror, and instead become its custodian.”
Forests are important ecosystems and provide a critical way of absorbing carbon dioxide — the main greenhouse gas — from the atmosphere. Trees are one of the world’s major so-called carbon sinks, or places where carbon is stored.
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Experts cautioned that similar agreements in the past have not been honored.
Alison Hoare, a senior research fellow at the Chatham House think tank in London, said world leaders promised in 2014 to end deforestation by 2030, “but since then, deforestation has accelerated across many countries.”
“This new pledge recognizes the range of actions needed to protect our forests, including finance, support for rural livelihoods, and strong trade policies,” she said.
“For it to succeed, inclusive processes and equitable legal frameworks will be needed, and governments must work with civil society, businesses and Indigenous peoples to agree, monitor and implement them.”
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He called for governments and businesses to recognize the effective role Indigenous communities play in preventing deforestation.
Luciana Tellez Chavez, an environmental researcher at Human Right Watch, said the agreement contains “quite a lot of really positive elements.”
The European Union, Britain and the U.S. are making progress on restricting imports of goods linked to deforestation and human rights abuses, “and it’s really interesting to see China and Brazil signing up to a statement that suggest that’s a goal,” she said.
But she noted that Brazil’s public statements don’t yet line up with its domestic policies and warned that the deal could be used by some countries to “greenwash” their image.
The Brazilian government has been eager to project itself as a responsible environmental steward in the wake of surging deforestation and fires in the Amazon rainforest and Pantanal wetlands that sparked global outrage and threats of divestment in recent years.
But critics cautioned that Brazil’s promises should be viewed with skepticism, especially as Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro is an outspoken proponent of developing the Amazon.
About 130 world leaders are in Glasgow for what many scientists say is the last realistic chance to keep global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels — the goal the world set in Paris six years ago.
Increased warming over coming decades would melt much of the planet’s ice, raise global sea levels and greatly increase the likelihood and intensity of extreme weather, scientists say.
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On Monday, the leaders heard stark warnings from officials and activists alike
about those dangers.
Britain’s Johnson described global warming as
“a doomsday device” strapped to humanity. United Nations Secretary-General
António Guterres told his colleagues that humans are “digging our own graves.”
And Barbados Prime Minister Mia Mottley, speaking for
vulnerable island nations, warned leaders not to “allow the path of greed and selfishness to sow the
seeds of our common destruction.”
Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II urged the leaders “to rise above the politics of
the moment, and achieve true statesmanship.”
“Of course, the benefits of such actions will not be there to enjoy for all of
us here today: We none of us will live forever,” she said in a video message
played at a Monday evening reception in a Glasgow museum. “But we are doing
this not for ourselves but for our children and our children’s children, and
those who will follow in their footsteps.”
The 95-year-old monarch had planned to attend the meeting, but she had to
cancel the trip after doctors said she should rest.
The British government said Monday that it saw positive signs that world
leaders understood the gravity of the situation. On Tuesday, President Biden
is due to present his administration’s
plan to reduce methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global warming.
The announcement was part of a broader effort with the European
Union and other nations to reduce overall methane emissions worldwide by 30%
by 2030.
But campaigners say the world’s biggest carbon emitters, including the U.S.
and China, need to do much more. Earth has already warmed 1.1 degrees Celsius
(2 degrees Fahrenheit). Current projections based on planned emissions cuts
over the next decade are for it to hit 2.7 Celsius (4.9 degrees Fahrenheit) by
the year 2100.
Climate activist Greta Thunberg told a rally outside the high-security
negotiations venue that the talk inside was just “blah blah blah” and would
achieve little.
“Change is not going to come from inside there,” she told some of the
thousands of protesters who have come to Glasgow to make their voices heard.
“That is not leadership. This is leadership.”
Links
- COP26: global deforestation deal will fail if countries like Australia don’t lift their game on land clearing
- COP26: World leaders promise to end deforestation by 2030
- Cop26: world leaders agree deal to end deforestation
- Deforestation: why COP26 agreement will struggle to reverse global forest loss by 2030
- First Thing: world leaders agree to end deforestation and slash methane emissions
- Over 100 countries at COP26 pledge to end deforestation by 2030
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